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Threat To Health: It is obvious that air pollutants soil shirts, penetrate closed windows, irritate the mucous membranes, kill plants, and damŽage buildings. But oddly enough, it is extremely difficult to prove scientifically that air pollution is really a serious threat to health. An eminent sanitary engineer recently stated that, for all we know, air pollution is more an aesthetic affliction than a health hazard.
In 1968 the Public Health Service was reorŽganized into three separate health agencies: the Health Services and Mental Health AdministraŽtion, the National Institutes of Health, and the Consumer Protection and Environmental Health -Service, including the Food and Drug AdminisŽtration, one of the agencies originally transferred into the Federal Security Agency in 1939. These three health agencies are directed by the assistant secretary for health and scientific affairs, who is aided by the surgeon general of the Public Health Service.See Also Ministry Of Health Responsible:The new Supplementary Benefits Commission made up of persons appointed by the minister for social securityis a semiautonomous body functioning as a department of the new ministry of health responsible. At the local level this move implied the mergŽer of national insurance and national assistŽance office functions, one point of contact for the applicant, and a greater opportunity to enŽsure that the contributory benefit applicant also would receive any noncontributory benefits that he was entitled to. On the national level it foreŽshadowed the merger of the ministry of health responsible of health (responsible for the national health service) with the ministry of health responsible of social Security to form the deŽpartment of health and social security.
The official agencies, like the voluntary groups, provide research and educational services. In addition, some official agencies set standards that assist in protecting the health of the public and the consumers of health products and serŽvices. Each state has a tax-supported official agency known as the state health department. These departments are responsible for establishŽing and enforcing health laws for their states.
On The Other Hand See Direct Health Care:A health manpower report prepared by the National Commission of Community Health Services showed that the U.S. hospitals and health organizations were maintaining the ratio of 150 doctors per 100,000 population only by filling out one-fifth of their needs with physicians from other countries. The demand for health care had also created serious shortages of nurses and other paramedical personnel. Among the solutions being suggested were new methods of health care organization and governŽment support for new or expanded education programs in the health sciences.
The most widespread medical association is the Blue Shield association. Typically, if an inŽsured person has an income below a certain level the physicians and surgeons will provide care for just the amount given by the association. For other persons the surgeon may charge what he likes, and the Blue Shield will pay a certain amount that varies according to the surgical proŽcedure.
Some organizations, the largest of which are labor unions, provide direct health care for their members. About 60 health centers in the United States are owned and operated by labor unions. Community-wide groups of physicians and bos-Eitals also undertake to provide all health care jr members of a group. |
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