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Role In Child Care Is Being: Sometimes they have a better relationship with their grandchildren than they did with their own children because they have the advantage of perspective on two or more generations. Many grandparents have supplied the love and care that children so sorely need. They relieve the mother of some of her housekeeping burdens. But they are a liability when they take over the role of the parents, alienate the child from them, use outmoded methods of child care, over-restrict the child's natural activity, or cause conflict and tension in the family (71, 1954).
Individual cases, of course, do not prove the necessity of mothering, but the work of Spitz, Bowlby, and others, although open to certain criti¬cism, presents evidence of the detrimental effects of institutional care where no mothering person is in contact with the child. "Social stimulation is it¬self a biological necessity." (94,1954)
The importance of the father's role in child care is being increasingly recognized. While many writers lament the modern father's lack of contact with his children, Margaret Mead warns against going too far in the direc¬tion of domesticating either parent. What emerges from this controversy is a clearer recognition of the need for real co-operation between the sexes, which alone can foster optimum personal development for each.See Also Competence In Child Care 105:At present, authorities seem to have settled down to a reasonable point of view calculated to relieve parents of excessive anxiety about their competence in child care 105 in child care (105, 1957). In brief, they now say: "Enjoy your child." "Live the good life and love that baby"; "Watch the baby rather than the clock"; "See what is going on—be aware of the personal relations between mother and baby"; and be fairly consistent, gradual, and affectionate but firm in teaching him the ways of civilized life. There is general agreement that a basic Security established in infancy and early childhood helps the child to meet the inevitable difficulties of later life. The child who has loved and been loved is better able to cope with life's disappointments than is the child who has never known Security or love.
This impersonal authority has the advantage of protecting the mother-child rela¬tionship from the child's resentment of imposed restrictions. Although children are cherished, it is not a child-centered culture; the child is ex¬pected to fit into the adult world. Another feature in the Lebanese culture is the relatively large family circle, which may at once give the child greater indulgence and greater security. Parents are more casual and less self-critical with respect to their methods of child care.
On The Other Hand See Child Care Nce:Both Linton (55, 956) and Riesman and associates (80, 1950) have described the relationship between child care nce-rearing practices and the per¬sonality patterns which the child care nce evolves as he grows up. Differences in people's personality, according to Linton, are due "less to their genes than to their nurseries." Several considerations suggest caution in accepting this emphasis on the direct relation between the child care nce's personality develop¬ment and the parents' attitudes toward the child care nce, the amount of mothering that he receives, and other specific child care nce-care practices:
The favored patterns of con¬duct are built into the child care nce by the responses which adults make to his daily behavior. Some things he does are rewarded; others are disapproved or punished. The parents' skill in helping the child care nce to profit by what the cul¬ture offers in the way of order and stability, or design for living, has much to do with his later attitude toward society. Whiting and child care nce (104, 1953) found that the child care nce-care patterns characteristic of a culture are re¬lated to the type of adult personality which it commonly produces. |
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