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Physical Education Curriculum: The nationwide study of health instruction, and the resultant kindergarten through grade 12 curriculum development pro¬ject of the School Health Education Study, has been recognized as an outstanding curriculum project.
The United States has led the way in estab¬lishing health education as a profession in its own right. Other countries have tended to fol¬low the traditional pattern, stressing Physical education curriculum fitness and personal hygiene rather than a broad approach to the health of the individual and the environment. Nevertheless, health education has made major contributions to public health—as in Canada, where most elementary and secondary schools include health as part of the curriculum.
During the 19th century, Physical education curriculum education developed in schools and colleges and in orga¬nizations such as the YMCA. Stress on Physical education curriculum fitness served to establish further the need for health education. See also GYMNASIUM; PHYSI¬CAL EDUCATION.
In the early 20th century, voluntary health agencies impressed upon parents and educators the importance of health for the school child. A study in 1918 on the reorganization of the sec¬ondary school curriculum incorporated "health" as one of the goals of high school education.See Also Public Education Campaign:Education and Cultural Life. Elementary and secondary education in Hartford is provided by public schools and Roman Catholic parochial schools. In the public sector an elected, non-partisan board of nine members develops educa¬tional policy within limits imposed by the state department of education and appoints a super¬intendent as administrator. Many well-known preparatory schools for boys and day and board¬ing schools for girls are in the area.
Among the unsolved and worsening problems in the U.S. was the new outbreak of venereal disease, particularly gonorrhea, which was re¬ported to have increased 8% from 1965 to 1966. Some success in controlling the epidemic was reported from Pittsburgh, Pa., where a very active public education campaign was waged through all the communications media; for ex¬ample, "syphilis is not a dirty word—it is a dangerous disease." There was now very little difficulty in curing syphilis and gonorrhea, but the high prevalence of venereal disease among teen-agers strongly suggested that ignorance was the main barrier to control. The obvious conclusion was that if parents were not able to provide sex education, they should see to it that the schools offered the protection of knowledge to their children.
On The Other Hand See Secondary Education Were Made:After the 1917 revolution, primary and secondary education were made com¬pulsory in the USSR.Today, 10 years of schooling are obligatory, but many students drop out before completing secondary school.
British schools, colleges and universi¬ties, like those in most European countries, are financed almost entirely by public funds, either from the cen¬tral government in London or from local education authorities.
Formal control of American public schools is held bv state government. The powers of local school boards are, in all states, derived trom state powers by the delegation of state governments.
German education operates on a three-track pattern. After four years (ages 6-10) of compulsory primary school, students either attend a Gymnasium (academic secondary school), Realsclmlc (general high school) or Haiiptsclnilc (general school).
In France higher education is free to qualified students. Nearly 1 m. students continue their studies after secondary school in 72 universities and in tech¬nological institutes and grandes ecoles. |
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