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Kidney Disease Glomerulonephritis: Immunological studies also revealed how streptococcus and other agents might cause the kidney disease glomerulonephritis. An auto¬immune mechanism was found to cause anti¬bodies to react with the patient's glomerular Basement membrane to produce the typical kidney lesion. In other cases, the disease was the result of the failure of the patient's anti¬bodies to act on antigens (substances that stim¬ulate the production of antibodies).
Landmarks in the use of .antigens for bene¬ficial purposes included an immunization tech¬nique to prevent erythroblastosis fetalis (see BREAKTHROUGH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES), and successful vaccines for measles, mumps, and group-A streptococci.
Therefore, these organs await the same scien¬tific and technical advances that will enhance essential organ grafting.
The future promises great possibilities in the nonessential organ area. Cure of glandular deficiencies by relatively minor surgery awaits Tissue matching and organ storage. Crippling cretinism, diabetic blindness, gangrene, kidney failure, and even sterility may bow before the simple expedient of trans¬plantation.
Whether he wants to or not, the doctor is being forced to accept a large share of the responsibility for the social judg¬ments surrounding such basic factors as who shall survive, whose life will be spared by using an artificial organ or by doing a transplantation. Current estimates indicate that about 90,000 persons a year die of kidney disease. Each kidney transplant operation costs approximately $20,000. Assuming each person could afford it, who among the 90,000 should be selected to receive the relatively few kidneys that are available for trans¬plant purposes?See Also Respiratory Disease Association:There are voluntary organizations such as the National Tuberculosis and Respiratory Disease Association, the American Heart Association, and the American Cancer Society. Their particular concerns may be discerned through their titles. Voluntary organizations may focus on a specific disease such as Cancer (ACS), tuberculosis and respiratory diseases (NTRDA), or muscular dys¬trophy (National Muscular Dystrophy Associa¬tion). Others may focus on an organ of the body with its related problems—for example, the Amer¬ican Heart Association. Some of these groups are organized with chapters in cities and counties.
The depth and rate of involuntary respiratior are controlled by multiple factors. Coordination is assured by regions of specialized nervous Tissue in various parts of the brain, collectively called the respiratory center. Sensory impulses convey¬ing the status of the respiratory system are re¬ceived here from multiple sites. Impulses from the center are then sent to the respiratory muscles to institute appropriate activity.
On The Other Hand See Incurable Disease:This is to certify that of and found to be in good physical and sound mental condition. He is not suffering from any contagious, chronic or incurable disease of a pernicious character. He is also free from Trachoma, and was vac¬cinated against smallpox on the type of reaction being .
Shots, against this, that and the other disease, are a matter of such personal concern, or the insouciant lack of it, that it is difficult to give ad¬vice that will fit every case. Some worried givers of printed advice make suggestions that would stop me in my tracks if I were a first-timer con¬sidering the idea of a trip abroad. An occasional alarmist has been known to propose no less than five different shots as being advisable, shots to immunize you against smallpox, lockjaw, cholera, typhus and typhoid. The whole job, such counsel points out, calls for ten services from your doctor, most of the shots to be repeated a second or third time at intervals of 7 to 30 days.
Thus, this kind of heart disease has been practically eradicated, al¬though rare cases are still encountered in elderly people. Other endocrine disorders affecting the heart are very rare.
Congenital Heart Disease. With the increasing control of rheumatic heart disease it is probable that congenital cardiovascular disease will soon outstrip it in incidence, and with the increasing control of high blood pressure, congenital heart disease will take second place. An interesting statistical fact is that in the 1920's, T. Duckett Jones and Paul Dudley White found that con¬genital heart disease made up only 1.5% of all of 3,000 patients with Signs or symptoms of heart disease. |
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