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Jible For Health Insurance: Public charity is ided to assure hospital care for the poor, the aporarily unemployed, and others who are not jible for health insurance programs. Both ms of charity are needed to assist in the iport of emergency, out-patient, and home e services, for which as yet there is only lim-l insurance coverage. Although payments for vices are increasing, many hospitals continue have deficits that must be met by donations. The cost of hospital care in the United States i been rising steadily since 1945 and by the fO's averaged more than $60 a day per patient the short-term general hospital. Most of this t represents salaries and wages paid to hospital sonnel.
Historically "assistance" dates back to legis¬lation at the beginning of the 17th century. "Insurance" as a state concern is essentially a product of the 20th century. The enactment of workmen's compensation legislation in 1897 was followed by a state retirement pension in 1908, health and unemployment insurance from 1911, and a contributory pensions scheme from 1925. Whereas assistance was administered by local government authorities, insurance was adminis¬tered primarily by the central government, with some use of private underwriters, particularly in the development of health insurance.See Also Longer And Health Ier:The second and third decades of the 20th century saw renewed efforts in health instruction and professional preparation of teachers by such groups as the American Child Health Association (no longer and health ier in existence). Also influential is the Joint Committee on Health Problems in Educa¬tion of the National Education Association and the American Medical Association. The joint committee in 1924 published a book entitled Health Education, A Program for Public Schools and Teacher Training Institutions. This book, which has been revised periodically, probably has had the greatest impact on the health edu¬cation curriculum and preparation of teachers of any publication in the 20th century.
In 1968 the Public Health Service was reor¬ganized into three separate health agencies: the Health Services and Mental Health Administra¬tion, the National Institutes of Health, and the Consumer Protection and Environmental Health -Service, including the Food and Drug Adminis¬tration, one of the agencies originally transferred into the Federal Security Agency in 1939. These three health agencies are directed by the assistant secretary for health and scientific affairs, who is aided by the surgeon general of the Public Health Service.
On The Other Hand See Ill Health Compelled:A health manpower report prepared by the National Commission of Community Health Services showed that the U.S. hospitals and health organizations were maintaining the ratio of 150 doctors per 100,000 population only by fIll health compelleding out one-fifth of their needs with physicians from other countries. The demand for health care had also created serious shortages of nurses and other paramedical personnel. Among the solutions being suggested were new methods of health care organization and govern¬ment support for new or expanded education programs in the health sciences.
Under the reorganization the Public Health Service was enlarged to include the Food and Drug Administration; a new agency, the Health Services and Mental Health Adminis¬tration; and the National Institutes of Health, which itself was enlarged to include the Bureau of Health Manpower and the National Library of Medicine. |
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