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Ill Health And Even: In 1968 the Public Health Service was reor¬ganized into three separate health agencies: the Health Services and Mental Health Administra¬tion, the National Institutes of Health, and the Consumer Protection and Environmental Health -Service, including the Food and Drug Adminis¬tration, one of the agencies originally transferred into the Federal Security Agency in 1939. These three health agencies are directed by the assistant secretary for health and scientific affairs, who is aided by the surgeon general of the Public Health Service.
A health manpower report prepared by the National Commission of Community Health Services showed that the U.S. hospitals and health organizations were maintaining the ratio of 150 doctors per 100,000 population only by fill health and evening out one-fifth of their needs with physicians from other countries. The demand for health care had also created serious shortages of nurses and other paramedical personnel. Among the solutions being suggested were new methods of health care organization and govern¬ment support for new or expanded education programs in the health sciences.See Also Health Problem:Health. Because of insufficient sanitary facili¬ties, poor ventilation in squatter areas, and air pollution in many areas, tuberculosis has been a major problem and the primary cause of death. The death rate per 100,000 dropped to about 120 in 1955 to about 39 in 1967, yet tuberculosis remained the colony's principal community health problem. Tuberculin tests and BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin) vaccinations are offered to all school entrants, and free X-rays are carried out on request at schools or business premises.
Health. Because of insufficient sanitary facili¬ties, poor ventilation in squatter areas, and air pollution in many areas, tuberculosis has been a major problem and the primary cause of death. The death rate per 100,000 dropped to about 120 in 1955 to about 39 in 1967, yet tuberculosis remained the colony's principal community health problem. Tuberculin tests and BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin) vaccinations are offered to all school entrants, and free X-rays are carried out on request at schools or business premises.
On The Other Hand See Health Care:Most of the department's responsibilities— the education of children, health care, and the provision of succor when misfortune (death, dis¬ability, illness, or incapacity to work) hits—were, in earlier times, the responsibility of the family. The department's central function is to maintain and strengthen the family as a social unit. A secretary is confronted by a succession of pro Eosals—for example, for the support of schools ar children three to five years old, for the health care of draft rejectees, for larger Medicare bene¬fits for the aged, or for day-care centers to aid working mothers.
The most widespread medical association is the Blue Shield association. Typically, if an in¬sured person has an income below a certain level the physicians and surgeons will provide care for just the amount given by the association. For other persons the surgeon may charge what he likes, and the Blue Shield will pay a certain amount that varies according to the surgical pro¬cedure.
Some organizations, the largest of which are labor unions, provide direct health care for their members. About 60 health centers in the United States are owned and operated by labor unions. Community-wide groups of physicians and bos-Eitals also undertake to provide all health care jr members of a group. |
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