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Human Brain: 1. If new medical techniques can prolong a healthy life far beyond the present span, who will be selected to remain alive? Society, through law, probably will not leave it to the workings of the marketplace or the caprice of physicians. At the very least, it will try to prevent a black market in hearts and lungs. But if science manages to transplant a human brain, the law will be in serious trouble. Which individual will be con¬sidered legally "alive"—the one into whose functioning body the new brain has been deposited, or the one whose brain with all its memories has merely moved to a new home?
Among the most interesting developments in brain studies was a finding that corrected the long-held conviction that glucose was the only fuel the brain was capable of using. George Cahill studied brain metabolism in persons who fasted for more than 30 days as part of a weight reduction program. By sampling blood entering and leaving the head, he was able to show that during fasting the brain will readily metabo¬lize fatty acids, the breakdown products from deposits of body fat. Careful intelligence tests before and after the fast failed to show any mental impairment during the period of fasting. Cahill said that in fact the subjects were at least as sharp after fasting, and maybe a bit sharper.See Also Activity In Brain Cells:A relief for migraine was devel¬oped in Australia by J. W. Lance and his associ¬ates. A drug called hydantoin was used to increase electrical activity in brain cells and thereby improve hearing and memory in the aged. The first successful attempt to sustain an animal brain outside a living body was reported in Cleveland, O.
Work in gerontology included studies to de¬termine the time of onset, the persistence, and the permanence of changes in the body.
Among these are le long and short axon cells (Golgi cells types I id II), the large nerve cells (Golgi cells) of the i-anular layer of the cerebellum of the brain, id the reticular apparatus (Golgi bodies) in ie cytoplasm of the cell. Golgi also showed that ich nerve cell has only one efferent fiber, or :on, but many afferent protoplasmic processes, dendrites.
On The Other Hand See In Brain Research:Abnormalities of the thymus gland were being studied in relation to the body's ability to resist various infections and changes. Malfunc¬tion of this gland was found to be associated with the so-called autoimmune diseases affect¬ing the thyroid gland, and research on the rela¬tion of the thymus to lupus erythematosus and a number of blood disorders was under way.
Events in brain research included the use of new electronic instruments and novel applica¬tions of the encephalograph for the detection of brain tumors.
Albert Lasker Medical Research Awards. In 1946 Albert Lasker, an advertising executive, established a number of prizes to recognize ad¬vances being made in medicine.
For fundamental investigations that provide techniques, information, or concepts prerequi¬site to the elimination of the major causes of death and disability, the Bas/c Medical Research Award was bestowed upon Bernard B. Brodie, pharmacologist and chief of the Laboratory of chemical pharmacology at the National Heart Institute at Bethesda, Md. Brodie was cited for "his 30 years of research into what happens to drugs that are taken into the body, including his recognition of how the neurohormones sero-tonin and norepinephrine affect the functioning of the brain." |
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