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Coping With Disease And Environmental: John W. Gardner left the office of secretary of the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare on March 1, 1968, and was suc¬ceeded by Wilbur Cohen. On March 31, 1968, a considerable reorganization of the depart¬ment's health activities was announced. The basis of the reorganization was the country's rapidly changing needs in medical education and research, in the delivery of health services, and in coping with disease and environmental problems.
People display differing degrees of susceptibility to such other diseases as diphtheria, diabetes, and cancer. Certain kinds of cancsr, for example, seem to be more prevalent in some families than in others, but direct in-heritability has so far been demonstrated only in certain rare types. A "genetic predisposition to many of the psychosomatic diseases" has also been demonstrated (23, p. 79, 1955). Individual differences in susceptibil¬ity may be accounted for in part by environmental factors such as condi¬tions causing emotional stress and strain, and in part by structural weak¬ness, certain types of inherited constitution, and predisposition to the disease. For actual contraction of these diseases, there must be both sus¬ceptibility and exposure to the infectious agent and/or the environmental pressures. From the field of animal experimentation has come evidence that mice known to have inherited suscept'1 ility to Cancer do not de¬velop this disease when environmental conditions are properly controlled.See Also Producing The Disease Itself:BCG Vaccine.—It has not been possible to produce an effective immunity to tuberculosis by inoculation with killed tubercle bacilli, and an avirulent strain of this bacterium that can be inoculated into susceptible animals, including man, without producing the disease itself disease is required. Such a strain was developed at the Institut Pasteur from a bovine strain of the tubercle bacillus whose virulence was attenuated by continuous culture in the laboratory on a glycerin-bile-potato medium for 13 years. At the end of this time, in 1921, it was no longer able to produce disease.
Thus, this kind of heart disease has been practically eradicated, al¬though rare cases are still encountered in elderly people. Other endocrine disorders affecting the heart are very rare.
Congenital Heart Disease. With the increasing control of rheumatic heart disease it is probable that congenital cardiovascular disease will soon outstrip it in incidence, and with the increasing control of high blood pressure, congenital heart disease will take second place. An interesting statistical fact is that in the 1920's, T. Duckett Jones and Paul Dudley White found that con¬genital heart disease made up only 1.5% of all of 3,000 patients with Signs or symptoms of heart disease.
On The Other Hand See Susceptible To Disease:VACCINES AND VACCINATION, vaksenz, vak-si-na'shun. Inoculation with infectioi material to prevent naturally acquired disea: was introduced into western Europe in 171 by Lady Mary Wortley Montagu. The wii of the British ambassador at Constantinople, sh had observed in Turkey the practice of producin smallpox (variola) in susceptible to disease persons by th inoculation of vesicle material from a case of th disease. This was known as variolation, an the resulting disease, variola inoculata, was appre ciably less severe than the naturally occurrin; disease.
It is quite possible to make a lawn of one kind of grass only, and this is some¬times done. You will find advocated by some people lawns made exclusively of creeping bent, of Merion bluegrass and of other special types. When perfectly kept such greenswards can be magnificent but they need considerable upkeep and demand special knowledge on the part of their care¬takers. In a one-grass lawn any other grass is a weed and must be eliminated (not al¬ways an easy task). Should a disease or in¬sect to which the particular grass is espe¬cially susceptible to disease gain a hold you have real trouble on your hands. The whole lawn is likely to be affected quickly, perhaps with disastrous results. In a lawn composed of several kinds of grasses the less susceptible to disease make a brave stand against the enemy and hold out; their weaker relatives succumb. |
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