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Combating Disease: In the 1920s still another source of jeopardy became apparent: the millions of cloven-footed animals adjacent to the northern and southern borders of the U.S. Millions of dollars and un¬told professional man-hours have been invested by the U.S. to aid its Canadian and Mexican neighbors in combating disease outbreaks and in elimi¬nating the infection. The longest and most costly campaign took place in Mexico between 1947 and 1954, when more than 8,000 Mexican and U.S. personnel fought the disease together at a cost of $136 million. Impressed by the extent of the outbreak in Mexico, the U.S. Congress moved quickly to establish an animal disease laboratory on isolated Plum Island, N.Y.
Thus, this kind of heart disease has been practically eradicated, al¬though rare cases are still encountered in elderly people. Other endocrine disorders affecting the heart are very rare.
Congenital Heart Disease. With the increasing control of rheumatic heart disease it is probable that congenital cardiovascular disease will soon outstrip it in incidence, and with the increasing control of high blood pressure, congenital heart disease will take second place. An interesting statistical fact is that in the 1920's, T. Duckett Jones and Paul Dudley White found that con¬genital heart disease made up only 1.5% of all of 3,000 patients with Signs or symptoms of heart disease.See Also Foot-and-mouth Disease Fmd:Of the world's three most notorious en¬demic animal diseases (contagious bovine pleu-ropneumonia, rinderpest, and foot-and-mouth disease FMD disease), FMD is the most controversial and has produced the greatest international tension. At the heart of this tension is the choice of ap¬proaches to the disease: vaccination or eradi¬cation. Until worldwide control of the disease is feasible, only the countries that enjoy affluence or geographic insularity can hope to eliminate the disease. The countries that were FMD-free as of March 1968 were the United States, Canada, Mexico, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Ireland, New Zealand, Australia, and Japan. Other nations must live with varying incidence of FMD, attempting control by vaccination of their more valued animals.
Vaccination is still considered the most effective method of disease prevention in countries where infection is rare and frontiers easily closed. Elsewhere, vaccination has reduced the risk, although for success the strain of the infection must be effectively typed. Vaccination has, for instance, greatly reduced the impact of foot-and-mouth disease FMD dis¬ease in Europe.
On The Other Hand See And Disease:Since coronary heart disease has become a leading cause of death in young and disease middle-aged men in the United States and disease since there is no really effective cure for it, either surgical or medical, it is essential that the causes of the disease be appraised so that preventive measures can be devised. Studies show that several factors are involved in coronary heart disease, with no single cause being entirely responsible, but the degree of responsibility of each of the many causes is not known.
He maintained that the causes of heart disease deserve first priority since the prevention of heart disease, the ulti¬mate goal, depends upon determining the causes. In a follow-up to this article, the American car-diologist Paul Dudley White published the first edition of his textbook Heart Disease (1931), emphasizing the etiological, or causative, diag¬nosis first, followed by structural and disease functional diagnoses in that order. |
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